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First Question (:

1. What does an atom looks like? What are the sub-atomic particles inside it.....(talk about electrons, neutrons, protons, electron shells, nucleus....)

Atoms are made up of three different particles.

-Protons

-Neutrons

-Electrons

These particles are even smaller than the atoms themselves. We call them sub- atomic particles.

Protons and neutrons are tightly packed together in the center of an atom, forming the nucleus. Surrounding them are called the electrons.Below it shows the simplified structure of an atom.

Protons are positively charge (+) and electrons are negatively charge(-). Since they are both opposite charges, this enable them to cancel out each other and hence, resulting in electrical attraction between the protons and electrons. Unlike proton and electron, neutrons are neither positive or negative, they are neutral.

Therefore :

Proton

Positive charge (+)
Relative mass of 1
represented by the symbol, p

Electron

Negative charge (-)
Relative mass of 1/1840
Represented by the symbol, e

Neutron

No charges, neutral
Relative mass of 1
Represented by the symbol, n

An atom also always has the same number of protons and electrons. If they do not have the same number, they are not call atom. But instead its an ion. For the circle around the nucleus, they are called the shells. The first shell can hold 2 electrons and from the second shell onwards, they are able to hold 8 electrons. Electrons also move rapidly around the nucleus.

taken from :http://girlscientistmagazine.blogspot.com/2010/12/atoms-by-don-nardo.html