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Second Question (:

2. Draw the atomic structure of a sodium atom and a sodium ion....explain why you draw it this way.

Sodium ion can also be shown this way:

In Sodium atom, its electronic configuration is (2.8.1). Therefore, it will only have 1 electron in the valancy shell. To make it stable, we need to have 8 electron in one shell and hence, the 1 electron in the valancy shell is unstable. Since it only has 1 electron, it loses the electron to become stabilise and it becomes a sodium ion. As when an atom loses electron, it becomes an ion. When it loses electron, the overall ion will become positively charge and therefore, it becomes Na+ and it's in Group 1.

taken from : http://molecularmaidens.blogspot.com/2010/03/chem-class-march-22-2010.html

http://www.gcsescience.com/a4-sodium-ion.htm